Darkness on the table: ideas on tabletop experiments for dark matter/exotic particle search

Aug 8, 2021, 6:00 PM → Aug 11, 2021, 4:00 PM Asia/Seoul

Hong Joo Kim (KNU), Kyu Jung Bae

Many ideas on light dark matter/exotic particle search on tabletop experiments have been suggested in recent years. At the same time, many new physics theories beyond the standard model provide a vast zoo of light particles which potentially explain anomalies in collider and neutrino experiments and also dark matter in the universe. This workshop focuses on ideas on tabletop experiments for various light dark matter and exotic particles including axion, dark photon and sterile neutrinos.

 

Invited speakers:

Ki Young Choi (Sungkyunkwan U.)

Dinh Nguyen Dinh (Institute of Physics)

Koichi Hamaguchi (Tokyo U.)

Sang Hui Im (CTPU, IBS)

Hyelim Kim (CUP, IBS)

Hyungjin Kim (DESY)

Yeong Duk Kim (CUP, IBS)

Simon Knapen (CERN)

Gil-Ho Lee (POSTECH)

Hyun Su Lee (CUP, IBS)

Sehwook Lee (Kyungpook National U.)

Yong Chang Lee (Seoul National U.)

Hyang Kyu Park (Korea U.)

Hyeoung Woo Park (Kyungpook National U.)

Jong-Chul Park (Chungnam National U.)

Surjeet Rajendran (Johns Hopkins U.)

Min Sang Ryu (Kyungpook National U.)

Vladmir Tretyak (Institute of Nuclear Physics)

Sung Woo Youn (CAPP, IBS)

 

Supported by

Asia Pacific Center for Theoretical Physics


Center for High Energy Physics, Kyungpook National University

Sunday, August 8

6:00 PM → 9:00 PM Registration

Monday, August 9

9:20 AM → 9:30 AM Opening Remark

Speaker: Hong Joo Kim (Kyungpook National University)

9:30 AM → 10:00 AM Novel hermetic detector for KAPAE

The KNU Advanced Positronium Annihilation Experiment (KAPAE) explores new physics such as visible and invisible exotic decay on a laboratory scale. The KAPAE phase I aims to improve the sensitivity of CPT violation in the lepton sector using a novel trigger system. Furthermore, the KAPAE phase II has been developed to focus on invisible decay measurement. We will present KAPAE detector configuration and based on the preliminary results, discuss about the intensification of KAPAE.

Speaker: Hyeoung Woo Park (Kyungpook National University)

Novel hermetic detector for KAPAE_HWPark.pdf

10:00 AM → 10:30 AM Search for Elementary Magnetic Monopoles in Electron-Positron At Rest

Speaker: Sehwook Lee (Kyungpook National University)

mm_sehwook.pdf

10:30 AM → 11:00 AM Dark matter axion search at IBS-CAPP

The axion is a hypothetical elementary particle which can address two fundamental questions in modern physics - CP problem in the strong interactions and mystery of dark matter.

The most sensitive searches rely on the haloscope technique that utilizes the axion-photon conversion under a strong magnetic field.

The key elements of experimental setup include a high-field magnet in a cryogenic refrigerator, a large-volume high-quality microwave resonator, and a quantum noise limited amplifier. Most of experiments are performed on a small scale in laboratories and IBS-CAPP, established in 2013 based on the similar concept, has played critical roles in this business. In this talk, we present the past, present, and future of dark matter axion searches at IBS-CAPP.

Speaker: Sungwoo Youn (CAPP, IBS)

Darkness_on_the_Table.pdf

11:30 AM → 2:00 PM Lunch and Break

2:00 PM → 2:30 PM Distinguishing axion models with running axion couplings

We examine the possibility to experimentally distinguish three different classes of axion models, i.e. KSVZ-like, DFSZ-like, and string-theoretic axions by observing a different pattern of low energy couplings to the photons, nucleons and electrons. For this purpose, we study the renormalization group running of axion couplings at leading order. We find that the low energy couplings of string-theoretic axions have a similar pattern as those of KSVZ-like axions but yet reveal a sizable difference which might be testable in future axion search experiments. We also note that the coupling of KSVZ-like QCD axions to the electron is dominated by a three-loop contribution involving the exotic heavy quark, gluons, top quark and Higgs field.

Speaker: Sang Hui Im (CTPU, IBS)

DT_axion_RG_SHI.pdf

2:30 PM → 3:00 PM Sterile neutrino dark matter with dipole interaction

Speaker: Ki Young Choi (SKKU)

SterileDMdiple.pdf

3:00 PM → 3:30 PM Supernova-scope for the Direct Search of Supernova Axions

This talk is based on [arxiv:2008.03924]. If a supernova explosion occurs within a few hundred parsecs from the Earth, a huge number of axions, in addition to neutrinos, may arrive at the Earth. We discuss the prospect of detecting those supernova axions by an axion helioscope. With the help of a pre-supernova neutrino alert system, it is possible to point a helioscope at an exploding supernova in advance. The supernova axions can then be detected by a gamma-ray detector installed at the end of the helioscope. We call such a detection system an axion supernova-scope (SNscope). We propose a conceptual design for an axion SNscope, where the gamma-ray detector is installed at the opposite end to the X-ray detector for the solar axion. It still functions as an axion helioscope during the normal operation time, and once a pre-SN neutrino alert is received, the scope is temporarily turned around and targeted to a SN candidate, waiting for the supernova axions. We estimate the sensitivity of supernova axion detection and find that SNscopes based on the next-generation axion helioscopes, such as IAXO, have potential to explore the invisible axions.

Speaker: Koichi Hamaguchi (University of Tokyo)

2021_08_DarknessOnTheTable.pdf

3:30 PM → 4:00 PM The μ → eγ decay in an EW- scale non-sterile RH neutrino model

In this report, we briefly introduce an extended model with non-sterile RH neutrino at EW scale by P.Q. Hung. Then the branching ratio of μ → eγ decay will be derived at one-
loop approximation with the participation of W gauge boson, neutral and singly charged Higgs scalars. We set constraints on relevant parameters and predict the sensitivities of the
decay channel with the present and future experiments.

Speaker: Dinh Nguyen Dinh (Institute of Physics)

APCTPSlides Dinh.pdf

4:00 PM → 4:30 PM Light dark matter in cosmological relaxation scenario

I will discuss how light dark matter can arise from cosmological relaxation scenarios, which provides an alternative solution to the electroweak hierarchy problem. This dark matter candidate is lighter than eV-scale, and at the same time, couples to the standard model particles in the same way that the Higgs does. I will discuss the related phenomenology.

Speaker: Hyungjin Kim (DESY)

09Aug21_kim_.pdf

4:30 PM → 5:00 PM Coffee Break

5:00 PM → 6:30 PM Discussion

Tuesday, August 10

9:30 AM → 10:00 AM Direct Detection of Dark Energy

If dark energy evolves in time, its dynamical component could be tested in the laboratory. There are two kinds of tests. First, the coherent motion of the dark energy can lead to precession of spins of particles that are coupled to the dark energy. This leads to a dc precession of particle spins and it can be probed in storage ring experiments as well as experiments that search for Lorentz violation. Second, the dark energy can convert into a bath of dark radiation. Within current constraints this radiation could have up to ~ 10^3 timesmore energy density than the cosmic microwave background. In particular models, a rolling scalar field can generate different forms of dark radiation
such as hidden photons, milli-charged particles and even Standard Model neutrinos. The leading effect on the late-time cosmological expansion history depends on a single parameter beyond Lambda CDM - namely the temperature of the dark radiation today. Cosmological observations of this modified expansion rate could provide a striking signature of this scenario. The dark radiation itself could even be directly detectable in laboratory experiments, suggesting a broader experimental program into the nature of dark energy.

Speaker: Surjeet Rajendran (Johns Hopkins University)

Dark Energy Radiation.pdf

10:00 AM → 10:30 AM The Migdal effect in semi-conductors

Speaker: Simon Knapen (CERN)

korea_migdal.pdf

10:30 AM → 11:00 AM Engineering graphene Josephson junction for sensitive photon detector

Sensitive microwave detectors are essential in radioastronomy, dark-matter axion searches and superconducting quantum information science. The conventional strategy to obtain
higher-sensitivity bolometry is the nanofabrication of ever smaller devices to augment the thermal response. However, it is difficult to obtain efficient photon coupling and to maintain
the material properties in a device with a large surface-to-volume ratio owing to surface contamination. Here we present an ultimately thin bolometric sensor based on monolayer
graphene. To utilize the minute electronic specific heat and thermal conductivity of graphene, we develop a superconductor–graphene–superconductor Josephson junction bolometer embedded in a microwave resonator with a resonance frequency of 7.9 gigahertz and over 99
per cent coupling efficiency. The dependence of the Josephson switching current on the operating temperature, charge density, input power and frequency shows a noise-equivalent
power of 7 × 10 −19 watts per square-root hertz, which corresponds to an energy resolution of a single 32-gigahertz photon, reaching the fundamental limit imposed by intrinsic thermal fluctuations at 0.19 kelvin. We also discuss our experimental demonstration of 1,550-nm infrared single photon detector as well as theoretical modelling for ultra-light dark matter search using graphene-based sensor.

Speaker: Gil-Ho Lee (POSTECH)

20210810_GHL.pdf

11:00 AM → 11:30 AM Detection of Super-light Dark Matter Using Graphene Josephson Junction

We propose a new dark matter detection strategy that will enable the search of keV-range super-light dark matter, representing an improvement of the minimum detectable mass by more than three orders of magnitude over the ongoing experiments. This is possible by integrating intimately the target material, π-bond electrons in graphene, into a Josephson junction to achieve a high sensitivity detector that can resolve a small energy exchange from dark matter as low as ~0.1 meV. We investigate detection prospects with pg-, ng-, and 𝜇g-scale detectors by calculating the scattering rate between dark matter and the free electrons confined in two-dimensional graphene with Pauli blocking factors included. We find not only that the proposed detector can serve as a complementary probe of super-light dark matter but also achieve higher experimental sensitivities than other proposed experiments, i.e. in having a low detectable threshold provided the same target mass, thanks to the extremely low energy threshold of our Josephson junction sensor.

Speaker: Jong-Chul Park (CNU)

Graphene_Busan_JCPark.pdf

11:30 AM → 2:00 PM Lunch and Break

2:00 PM → 2:30 PM NaI detector for rare event searches

A NaI is conventional detector with a very long history and are still widely used. In particular, since the DAMA experiment claimed an observation of dark matter with the NaI(Tl) detector, the development of a low background and high scintillation efficiency detectors were widely researched.
In Korea, the COSINE experiment to verify the DAMA experiment by developing a high-purity NaI detector at the Center for Underground Physics in IBS is being operated at the Yangyang Underground Laboratory and reported interesting results. In addition, COSINE collaboration is preparing for the next phase COSINE-200 experiment by developing the world's best performing high-purity NaI detector. In addition, several efforts are underway to increase the light yield and the detector performances. Based on the results of these efforts, the NEON experiment, an experiment to observe the neutrino-nucleus coherent scattering from the electron antineutrinos in a nuclear power plant that requires an extremely low energy threshold, was started. In this presentation, we want to show the efforts and achievements on the development of high-purity NaI detectors for dark matter and neutrino experiments.

Speaker: Hyun Su Lee (CUP, IBS)

NaI_HSLee_IBS.pdf

2:30 PM → 3:00 PM A small cryogenic detector for low mass WIMPs search

The focusing mass of the present WIMPs (weakly interacting massive particles) search is going down. For the low mass WIMP search, we studied a low threshold cryogenic particle detector using an MMC (Metallic Magnetic Calorimeter) sensor and a pure CaF2 crystal as a particle absorber. The spin (l/2) of 19F has a large cross section for axial coupled WIMPs. The fast response time of a MMC sensor and good thermal connection of the crystal and the sensor made a 76 us rise time and a 67 eV of FWHM baseline energy resolution. The luminescence of the CaF2 crystal has a main emission band at 280 nm and 60% light yield of CaWO4 at 8 K. The UV scintillation light can make large light signals at the cryogenic light detector, which will make powerful particle discrimination. Here, I will talk about the prospect of the MMC based cryogenic particle detector using CaF2 for the low mass WIMP search.

Speaker: Hyelim Kim (CUP, IBS)

DarknessWorkshop_hlkim.pdf

3:00 PM → 3:30 PM A lab-scale experiment for keV sterile neutrino search from tritium beta decay spectrum

We developed a simple small-scale detection method for beta decay
spectrum of 3H. This research is motivated to investigate the presence
of sterile neutrinos in keV region. In our experiment, tritium nuclei
are embedded in a 1x1x1 cm^3 LiF crystal from 6Li(n,3H)4He reaction.
The beta energy spectrum is measured with an MMC sensor, one of the
high-resolution microcalorimeters operating at mK temperatures. We
present the method for the sample preparation and the experiment
together with the physics result from the first measurement set.
Moreover, an expected sensitivity to search for the heavy neutrino is
discussed for one year measurement with the setup.

Speaker: Yong Chang Lee (SNU)

DarknessOnTheTable_presentation_20210810_YC.pdf

3:30 PM → 4:00 PM Semiempirical calculation of quenching factors for ions in scintillators

Speaker: Volodymyr Tretyak (Institute of Nuclear Physics)

2021-darkness-tretyak-qf11.pdf

4:00 PM → 4:30 PM Coffee and Break

4:30 PM → 6:00 PM Discussion

Wednesday, August 11

10:00 AM → 10:30 AM Background particle rate of an Axion-like Particle Search at the DAMSA experiment

With the 2012 discovery of the Higgs-like particle at CERN and its increasingly Standard Model-like properties, the primary interests of the field of particle physics are shifting to the study of the remaining 95% of the matter and energy in the universe, using accelerators. The so-called unseen aboriginal particles (UAPs) that make up a large fraction of the 95% could be produced and discovered in particle accelerators with high-intensity beams. Rare nuclear isotope accelerator facility, such as Rare isotope Accelerator complex for ON-line experiment (RAON) provides an excellent opportunity for discovery of UAPs. The axion-like particle (ALP) is a good candidate for the UAP and thus provides an excellent case study at the DAMSA (Dump produced Aboriginal Matter Searches at an Accelerator) experiment, a 610-ton liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) detector at the immediate downstream of the beam dump, as a part of the proposed ARI AA (A Research Innovation and Infrastructure Initiative for the discovery of unseen Aboriginal particles at Accelerators) project. The primary background to the charge-neutral UAP searches at DAMSA, using the RAON facility, would be the secondary electromagnetic particles produced in the interactions of neutrons that come from the high-intensity 600MeV proton beams impinging on the iron dump, given the proximity of the detector to the source of the beam. In this talk, I will present a detailed GEANT4 based study on the production rate of background particles to the ALP search case study and a potential strategy to minimize the impact of the background from the secondary neutron interactions in the DAMSA detector.

Speaker: Min Sang RYU (CHEP)

20210811 - DAMSA exp at RAON - mryu.pdf

10:30 AM → 11:00 AM Relic neutrino detection

PTOLEMY is an experiment trying to detect the relic neutrinos with Tritium target of 100 g mass. I will present another targets which try to use the resonant interaction of neutrino induced electron capture. Though none of the candidate nuclei seem to be better than the Tritium target, there are rooms to investigate further the masses more precisely. There is another proposal to use accelerator to make the resonant condition with the relic neutrinos. I will try to describe these ideas.

Speaker: Yeongduk Kim (CUP, IBS)

busan-ydkim-v1.pdf

11:00 AM → 11:30 AM Summary

Speaker: Yeongduk Kim (CUP, IBS)

11:30 AM → 2:00 PM Lunch and Break

2:00 PM → 4:00 PM Discussion